←Computer Science & Engineering

3L + 0T + 0P Unit-1.0 8 hrs Introduction to Signals and Systems: Signals and systems as seen in everyday life, and in various branches of engineering and science. Signal properties: periodicity, absolute integrability, determinism and stochastic character. Some special signals of importance: the unit step, the unit impulse, the sinusoid, the complex exponential, some special time-limited signals; continuous and discrete time signals, continuous and discrete amplitude signals. System properties: linearity, additivity and homogeneity, shift-invariance, causality, stability, realizability. Examples. Unit-2.0 8 hrs Behavior of continuous and discrete-time LTI systems: Impulse response and step response, convolution, input-output behavior with aperiodic convergent inputs, cascade interconnections. Characterization of causality and stability of LTI systems. System representation through differential equations and difference equations. State-space Representation of systems. State-Space Analysis, Multi-input, multi-output representation. State Transition Matrix and its Role. Periodic inputs to an LTI system, the notion of a frequency response and its relation to the impulse response. Unit-3.0 9 hrs Fourier Transforms: Fourier series representation of periodic signals, Waveform Symmetries, Calculation of Fourier Coefficients. Fourier Transform, convolution/multiplication and their effect in the frequency domain, magnitude and phase response, Fourier domain duality. The Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (DTFT) and the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), Parseval's Theorem. Unit-4.0 6 hrs Laplace and z- Transforms: Review of the Laplace Transform for continuous time signals and systems, system functions, poles and zeros of system functions and signals, Laplace domain analysis, solution to differential equations and system behavior. The z- Transform for discrete time signals and systems, system functions, poles and zeros of systems and sequences, z-domain analysis. Unit-5.0 6 hrs Sampling and Reconstruction: The Sampling Theorem and its implications Spectra of sampled signals. Reconstruction: ideal interpolator, zero-order hold, first-order hold. Aliasing and its effects, Relation between continuous and discrete time systems. Unit-6.0 5 hrs Introduction to the applications of signal and system theory: modulation for communication, filtering, feedback control systems

3L + 0T + 0P Unit-1.0.0 8 hrs Introduction: What is graph, Application of graphs, Finite and infinite graphs, incidence and degree, isolated Vertex pendant Vertex, and Null graph, paths and circuits, isomorphism, sub graphs, a puzzle with multicolored cubes, walks, paths, and circuits, Connected graphs, disconnected graphs and components, Euler graphs, Operations on graphs, More on Euler graphs, Hamiltonian paths and circuits, The Traveling Salesman problem. Unit-2.0 7 hrs Trees and Fundamental circuits: Trees, some properties of trees, pendant vertices in a tree, Distance and centers in a tree, Rooted and binary trees, On counting trees, Spanning trees, fundamental circuits, Finding all spanning trees of a Graph, Spanning trees in a Weighted graph. Unit-3.0 9 hrs Cut set, and cut vertices: Properties of a cut set, all cut sets in a graph, Fundamental circuits and cut sets, connectivity and separability, Network flows, 1-Isomorphism, 2-Isomorphism. Planar and Dual Graphs: Combinatorial vs. Geometric Graphs, Planar graph, kuratowski’s Two Graphs, Difference Representations of a planar graph, Detection of planarity, Geometric Dual, Combinatorial, Duel, More on criteria of planarity, Thickness and crossings. Unit-4.0 6 hrs Matrix Representation of Graphs: Incidence Matrix Sub matrices of A(G), Circuits Matrix, Fundamental Circuit Matrix and Rank of B, An application to a switching Network, Cut-set Matrix, Relationships among Af , Bf and Cf . path Matrix, Adjacency Matrix. Unit-5.0 5 hrs Coloring, Covering and partitioning: Chromatic number, Chromatic partitioning, Chromatics polynomial, Coverings, Four color problem. Unit-6.0 7 hrs Directed Graphs: What’s a directed Graphs, Some types of Digraphs, Digraphs and binary Relations, Directed paths and connectedness, Euler Digraphs, Trees with Directed Edges, Fundamental Circuits in Digraphs, Matrices A, B and C of Digraphs, Adjacency Matrix of a Digraph, Paired Comparisons and Tournaments, Acyclic Digraphs and Decyelization.

3L + 0T + 0P Unit-1.0 10 hrs Introduction to Java: Feature to Java, Java Virtual Machine, Differences between C++ and Java, Part of Java, API Document, Starting a Java Program. Important Classes, Formatting the Output Naming Conventions and Data Types: Naming Conventions in Java. Data types in Java, Literals. Operators and Control Statements in Java: Arithmetic Operators, Unary Operators, Relational Operators, Logical Operators, Boolean Operators, Bitwise Operators, Ternary Operators, New Operator, Cast Operator, If … else statement, Switch statement, Break statement, Continue statement, Return statement, do … while loop, while loop, for loop. Input and Output: Accepting Input from the keyboard, reading input in Java, Util, Scanner class, displaying output with System out print(), Displaying formatted output with string, Format. Unit-2.0 9 hrs Arrays and Strings: Types of Arrays, Array name, Length, Command Line Arguments, Creating Strings, String Class Methods, String Comparison, Immutability of Strings, Creating String Buffer Objects, String Buffer Class Methods, String Builder Class, String Builder Class Methods. Wrapper Classes: Number class, Character class, Byte class, Short class, Integer class, Long class, Float class, Double class, Boolean class, Math class. Introduction to OOPS: Problems in procedure oriented approach, Features of Object Oriented Programming System, Object creation, Initializing the instance variable, Constructors. Unit-3.0 9 hrs Methods of Java: Method Prototype, Method Body, Understanding Methods, Static Methods, Static Block, The keyword ‘this’, Instance Methods, Passing Primitive Data Types to Methods, Passing Objects to Methods, Passing Arrays to Methods, Recursion, Factory Methods. Inheritance and Polymorphism: Inheritance, The Keyword ‘super’, The Protected Specified, Types of Inheritance, Polymorphism with variables, Polymorphism using methods, Polymorphism with Static Methods, Polymorphism with Private Methods, Abstract Classes. Packages: Package, Different types of Packages, Interface in a Package, Access Specifies in Java. Unit-4.0 4 hrs Exceptional handling: Errors in Java Program, Exceptions throws and throw clause, Types of exceptions, Re-throwing an exception. Threads: Single and Multitasking, Creating and terminating the thread, Single and Multi- tasking using threads, Deadlock of threads, Thread communication. Unit-5.0 5 hrs Introduction to AWT and Applets: AWT components, Creating and closing the frame, Drawing in the frame, Displaying dots and text in the frame, Event Handling, Listeners and Listener methods, Creating and uses of Applets, An applet with swing components, Applet parameters. Unit-6.0 5 hrs Introduction on Java database connectivity: Database servers and clients, JDBC, Connecting to a Database, Stored Procedures and Callable Statement, Storing file and Image into database, retrieving a file and images from database, Types of JDBC drivers.

3L + 0T + 0P Unit-1.0 6 hrs Probability: Properties of Probability, Methods of Enumeration, Conditional Probability, Independent Events, Bayes’ Theorem. Unit-2.0 7 hrs Discrete Distributions: Random Variables of the Discrete Type, Mathematical Expectation, Special Mathematical Expectations, the Binomial Distribution, the Negative Binomial Distribution, the Poisson distribution. Unit-3.0 6 hrs Continuous Distributions: Random Variables of the Continuous Type, the Exponential, Gamma, and Chi-Square Distributions, the Normal Distribution, Additional Models. Unit-4.0 6 hrs Bivariate Distributions: Bivariate Distributions of the Discrete Type, the Correlation Coefficient, Conditional Distributions, Bivariate Distributions of the Continuous Type, the Bivariate Normal Distribution. Unit-5.0 8 hrs Distributions of Functions of Random Variables: Functions of One Random Variable, Transformations of Two Random Variables, Several Random Variables, The Moment- Generating Function Technique, Random Functions Associated with Normal Distributions, The Central Limit Theorem, Approximations for Discrete Distributions, Chebyshev’s Inequality and Convergence in Probability, Limiting Moment-Generating Functions. Unit-6.0 9 hrs Point Estimation: Descriptive Statistics, Exploratory Data Analysis, Order Statistics, Maximum Likelihood Estimation, A Simple Regression Problem, Asymptotic Distributions of Maximum Likelihood Estimators, Sufficient Statistics, Bayesian Estimation, More Bayesian Concepts. Interval Estimation: Confidence Intervals for Means, Confidence Intervals for the Difference of Two Means, Confidence Intervals For Proportions, Sample Size, Distribution-Free Confidence Intervals for Percentiles, More Regression, Resampling Methods.

3L + 0T + 0P Unit-1.0 9 hrs Error in numerical calculations: Sources of errors, significant digits and numerical instability. Solutions of non-linear equations: Bisection method, Method of false position, Newton-Raphson method, Fixed-point iteration, Rates of convergence of these methods. Iteration based on second degree equation: Muller method, Chebyshev method, Graeffe’s root squaring method for polynomials, Bairstow’s method for extracting quadratic factor in the case of polynomial equations. Unit-2.0 6 hrs Solution of system of linear algebraic equations: Direct methods: Gauss and Gauss– Jordan methods. Crout’s triangularization method. Iterative methods: Gauss-Jacobi and Gausss-Seidel methods, Relaxation method, Newton’s method for nonlinear simultaneous equations, Power method for determination eigen values, convergence of Power method. Unit-3.0: 5 hrs Polynomial Interpolation: Lagrange’s interpolation, Newton’s divided difference interpolation polynomial, Gregory-Newton Forward and Back ward difference interpolation formulae, Piecewise and Spline interpolation. Unit-4.0: 6 hrs Numerical Differentiation: Differentiation formulas in the case of equally spaced points. Numerical integration: Trapezoidal and Simpson rules, Gaussian integration, Errors of integration formulas. Unit-5.0 8 hrs Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations: Single step methods: Taylor series method, Picard’s Method, Euler and Modified Euler methods, Runge – Kutta methods of 2nd and 4th order. Multi-step methods: Miline’s PredictorCorrector formulas, Adam-Bashforth and Adam-Moulton formulas. Unit-6.0 8 hrs Boundary value problems: Solution of Linear difference equations with constant coefficients, Solutions of boundary value problems in ordinary differential equations, Approximate solution of eigen value problems, Finite difference methods for solving two dimensional Laplace’s equation for a rectangular region, Finite difference method of solving heat equation and wave equation with given initial and boundary conditions.

3L + 0T + 0P Unit-1.0 8 hrs Information Theory: Introduction, measure of Information, Mutual information, Joint and conditional Entropy. Coding Theory: Classification of codes, Kraft McMillan inequality, Source coding theorem, Shannon-Fano coding, Huffman coding, Mutual information - Discrete memoryless channels. Unit-2.0 5 hrs Channel capacity, Channel coding theorem, Differential entropy and mutual Information for continuous ensembles, Information Capacity theorem, Unit-3.0 7 hrs Linear Block Codes: Syndrome and error detection, Error detection and correction capability, Standard array and syndrome decoding, Encoding and decoding circuit, Single parity check codes, Repetition codes and dual codes, Hamming code, Golay Code. Unit-4.0 8 hrs Galois field, Primitive element & Primitive polynomial, Minimal polynomial and generator polynomial, Description of Cyclic Codes, Generator matrix for systematic cyclic code, Encoding for cyclic code, Syndrome decoding of cyclic codes Unit-5.0 7 hrs Binary BCH code, Generator polynomial for BCH code, Decoding of BCH code, RS codes, generator polynomial for RS code, Decoding of RS codes, Cyclic Hamming code and Golay code, CRC code Unit-6.0 7 hrs Introduction of convolution code, State diagram, Polynomial description of convolution code, Generator matrix of convolution code, Tree diagram, Trellis diagram, Sequential decoding and Viterbi decoding, Known good convolution code.

3L + 0T + 0P Unit-1.0 8 hrs Introduction to Soft Computing: Evolution of Computing: Soft Computing Constituents, Soft vs Hard Computing, From Conventional AI to Computational Intelligence: Machine Learning Basics. Unit-2.0 6 hrs Neural Networks: Machine Learning Using Neural Network, Adaptive Networks, Feed forward Networks, Supervised Learning Neural Networks, Unit-3.0 6 hrs Radial Basis Function Networks: Reinforcement Learning, Unsupervised Learning Neural Networks, Adaptive Resonance architectures, Advances in Neural networks. Unit-4.0 8 hrs Fuzzy Systems: Fuzzy Sets, Operations on Fuzzy Sets, Fuzzy Relations, Membership Functions: Fuzzy Rules and Fuzzy Reasoning, Fuzzy Inference Systems, Fuzzy Expert Systems, Fuzzy Decision Making, Fuzzy based Back Propagation network. Unit-5.0 7 hrs Genetic Algorithm: Introduction to Genetic Algorithms (GA), Applications of GA in Machine Learning: Machine Learning Approach to Knowledge Acquisition, GA based Back P. Unit-6.0 7 hrs Matlab/Python Lib: Introduction to Matlab/Python, Arrays and array operations, Functions and Files, Study of neural network toolbox and fuzzy logic toolbox, Simple implementation of Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic.

3L + 0T + 0P Unit-1.0 7 hrs Concept And Overview Distributed Database System: What is Distributed Database System (DDBS), Features of DDBS, promises of DDBS, Design issue in DDBS, Distributed DBMS architecture:- Client/server System, Peer-to-Peer, Multi-Database system. Unit-2.0 7 hrs Distributed Database Design: Distributed database design concept, objective of Data Distribution, Data Fragmentation, The allocation of fragment, Transparencies in Distributed Database Design. Unit-3.0 7 hrs Distributed Transaction And Concurrency Control: Basic concept of Transaction management, objective Distributed transaction management, Model for Transaction management Distributed Concurrency control:- Objective, concurrency control anomalies, Distributed Serializability, Locking based algorithm. Unit-4.0 7 hrs Distributed Deadlock and Recovery: Introduction to Deadlock, Distributed Deadlock prevention, avoidance, detection and recovery, Two-Phase and Three-Phase Commit Protocol. Unit-5.0 6 hrs Distributed Query Processing And Optimization: Concepts, objective, and phases of distributed query processing; join strategies in fragment relation, Global query optimization Unit-6.0 8 hrs Heterogeneous Database: Architecture of Heterogeneous Database, Database Integration: Schema Translation and schema Integration, Query processing issues in Heterogeneous database. XML: XML for data integration, structure of XML, XML document schema, Querying and Transformation, storage of XML data, XML application.

3L + 0T + 0P Unit-1.0 6 hrs Basic Algorithms: Asymptotic Notation, Recursion, Divide-and-Conquer Paradigm, Basic Data Structures; Possibly Fast Fourier Transform. Unit-2.0 8 hrs Sorting: Merge Sort, Bucket And Radix Sort; Medians and Order Statistics. Unit-3.0 8 hrs Data Structures: Priority Queues And Heaps, Dictionaries, Hash Tables, Bloom Filters, Binary Search Trees, Interval Trees. Union-Find, Range Trees, Fractional Cascading. Unit-4.0 8 hrs Algorithmic techniques: Divide-and-conquer, Dynamic Programming, Greedy Algorithms. Data Compression: Huffman’s coding, BWT, LZW Unit-5.0 8 hrs Network Flow, String Algorithms, Suffix Trees, Geometric Algorithms, Linear Programming, Polynomial and the FFT. Unit-6.0 4 hrs Complexity classes and NP

3L + 0T + 0P Unit-1.0 8 hrs Java Beans and Web Servers: Introduction to Java Beans, Advantage, Properties, BDK, Introduction to EJB, Java Beans API Introduction to Servelets, Lifecycle, JSDK, Servlet API, Servlet Packages: HTTP package, Working with Http request and response, Security Issues. Java Script: Data types, variables, operators, conditional statements, array object, date object, string object, Dynamic Positioning and front end validation, Event Handling. Unit-2.0 8 hrs JSP: Introduction to JSP, JSP processing, JSP Application Design, Tomcat Server, Implicit JSP objects, Conditional Processing, Declaring variables and methods, Error Handling and Debugging, Sharing data between JSP pages- Sharing Session and Application Data. Unit-3.0 8 hrs Database Connectivity: Database Programming using JDBC, Studying Javax.sql.*package, accessing a database from a JSP page, Application-specific Database Action, Developing Java Beans in a JSP page, introduction to Struts framework. Unit-4.0 8 hrs Java Servlet: Brief origin and advantages over CGI, J2EE Servlet 2.x Specification, Writing small Servlet Programs, Deployment Descriptor, Inter Servlet Collaboration, Session: Definition, State on web, Different ways to track sessions. Unit-5.0 6 hrs J2SE: Concepts and Prerequisites: Data Types, Arrays, Dynamic Arrays, Type Casting, Classes and Objects, Inheritance, Interfaces, Exception Handling, Multi-Threading. Unit-6.0 4 hrs J2EE Architecture: J2EE as a framework, Client Server Traditional model, Comparison amongst 2-tier, 3-tier and N-tier architectures, Thin and Thick Clients.

3L + 0T + 0P Unit-1.0 6 hrs Web Basics: Introduction, Concept of Internet- History of Internet, Protocols of Internet, World Wide Web, URL, Web Server, Web Browser. Recent Web technologies - A case study on WWW, web 2.0 etc., Client/Server Computing: C/S Computing, Middleware, Fat client VS Fat Servers, N-tiered Software Architecture; Markup-language: Markup Languages and their grammars - SGML, DTD Resources, HTML, CSS, XML, XSL, Query Languages for XML. Unit-2.0 7 hrs HTML: Introduction, History of HTML, Structure of HTML Document: Text Basics, Structure of HTML Document: Images and Multimedia, Links and webs, Document Layout, Cascading Style Sheet- HTML 4 style sheet features, Creating Forms, Frames and Tables. Dynamic HTML: Introduction of DHTML- HTML vs. DHTML, Advantages of DHTML, CSS of DHTML, Event Handling, Data Binding, Browser Object Models. Unit-3.0 7 hrs XML Introduction and programming: Introduction of XML- Some current applications of XML, Features of XML, Anatomy of XML document, The XML Declaration, Element Tags- Nesting and structure, XML text and text formatting element, Table element, Mark- up Element and Attributes, Document Type Definition (DTD), types. XML Programming- XML Objects, Checking Validity, Understanding XLinks, XPointer, Event-driven Programming, XML Scripting. Unit-4.0 8 hrs XML Presentation Technology & XML Processor: Introduction, XML with Style Sheet Technologies- Concept of XSL, XML Schema, Importance of XML schema, Creating Element in XML Schema, XML Schema Types, Introduction of XML Processor- Components of XML processor, Concept of DOM and SAX, Introduction of Java Script, JavaScript characteristics, Objects in Java Script, Dynamic HTML with Java Script XML Http Request: Introduction, XML Http Request, The XML Http Request Object, Events for the XML Http Request Object, Request Object for XML Http Request, Response Object for XML Http Request. Unit-5.0 7 hrs AJAX Introduction: Introduction, AJAX Introduction, AJAX Components, Handling Dynamic HTML with Ajax, CSS to Define Look and Feel, Understand the XML Mark-up, XMLHttpRequest. AJAX using XML and XML Http Request: Introduction, Ajax Using XML and XML Http Request, Accessing, Creating and Modifying XML Nodes, Loading XML Data into an HTML Page, Receiving XML Responses, Handling Response XML. Unit-6.0 7 hrs PHP Introduction & AJAX with Database: PHP Introduction, Structure of PHP, PHP Functions, AJAX with PHP, PHP Code and the Complete AJAX Example, AJAX Database, Working of AJAX with PHP, Ajax PHP Database Form, AJAX PHP MySQL Select Query. Active Server Page & ASP Database Connectivity : Introduction, Introduction of ASP, ASP – Variables, ASP Control Structure, ASP Objects’ Properties and Methods, ASP Components, ASP Database Connection, ASP Scripting Components.

3L + 0T + 0P Unit-1.0: Introduction to Multimedia System 6 hrs Architecture and components, Multimedia distributed processing model, Synchronization, Orchestration and Quality of Service (QOS) architecture. Unit-2.0: Audio and Speech 8 hrs Data acquisition, Sampling and Quantization, Human Speech production mechanism, Digital model of speech production, Analysis and synthesis, Psycho-acoustics, low bit rate speech compression, MPEG audio compression. Unit-3.0: Images and Video 8 hrs Image acquisition and representation, Composite video signal NTSC, PAL and SECAM video standards, Bi-level image compression standards: ITU (formerly CCITT) Group III and IV standards, JPEG image compression standards, MPEG video compression standards. Unit-4.0: Multimedia Communication 6 hrs Fundamentals of data communication and networking, Bandwidth requirements of different media, Real time constraints: Audio latency, Video data rate, multimedia over LAN and WAN, Multimedia conferencing, Multimedia devices. Unit-5.0: Hypermedia presentation 6 hrs Authoring and Publishing, Linear and non-linear presentation, Structuring Information, Different approaches of authoring hypermedia documents, Hyper-media data models and standards. Unit-6.0: Multimedia Information Systems 8 hrs Operating system support for continuous media applications: limitations is usual OS, New OS support, Media stream protocol, file system support for continuous media, data models for multimedia and hypermedia information, content based retrieval of unstructured data.

3L + 0T + 0P Unit-1.0 7 hrs Security Services, Mechanisms and Attacks, TheOSI Security Architecture, A Model for Network Security. Symmetric Cipher Model, Substitution Techniques, Transposition Techniques, Rotol Machines, Steganography. Unit-2.0 7 hrs Simplified DES, Block Cipher Principles, The Data Encryption Standard, The Strength of DES, Differential and Linear Cryptanalysis, Block Cipher Design Principles, Block Cipher Modes of Operation. Unit-3.0 7 hrs Finite Fields and Confidentiality: Groups, Rings, and Fields, Modular Arithmetic, Euclid’s Algorithm, Finite Fields of the Form GF (p), Polynomial arithmetic, Finite Fields of the Form GF(2”), Placement of Encryption Function, Traffic Confidentially, Key Distribution, Random Number Generation. Unit-4.0 7 hrs Encryption Standard and Ciphers: Evaluation criteria for AES, AES cipher, Multiple encryption and Triple DES, Block cipher Modes of operation, Stream ciphers and RCG. Unit-5.0 7 hrs Number Theory and Public-Key Cryptography: Prime Numbers, Fermat’s and Euler’s Theorems, Testing for Primality, The Chinese Remainder Theorem, Discrete Logarithms, Principles of Public-Key Cryptosystems, The RSA Algorithm, Unit-6.0 7 hrs Message Authentication, Function, Algorithms and Digital System: Authentication Requirements, Authentication Functions, Message Authentication Codes, Hash Functions, Security of Hash Functions and MACs, Secure Hash Algorithm, HMAC, Digital Signatures, Authentication Protocols.

3L + 0T + 0P Unit-1.0 9 hrs Introduction to Wireless Networks: Applications, History, Simplified Reference Model, Wireless transmission, Frequencies, Signals, Antennas, Signal propagation, Multiplexing, Modulation, Spread spectrum, Cellular Systems. Unit-2.0 5 hrs MAC: Motivation, SDMA, FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, Unit-3.0 5 hrs Telecommunication Systems: GSM, DECT, TETRA. UMTS, MT-2000. Unit-4.0 9 hrs Wireless LAN, Infrared Vs Radio transmission, Infrastructure, Adhoc Network, 802.11, HIPERLAN, Bluetooth, Mobile Network Layer, Mobile IP, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. Unit-5.0 9 hrs Adhoc Networks, Mobile Transport Layer, Traditional TCP, Indirect TCP, Snooping TCP, Mobile TCP, Fast retransmit / Fast recovery, Transmission / Time-out freezing, Selective retransmission, Transaction Oriented TCP. Unit-6.0 5 hrs Support for Mobility, File Systems, WWW, Wireless Application Protocol.

3L + 0T + 0P Unit-1.0.0 8 hrs Introduction and Line Generation: Types of computer graphics, Graphic Displays- Random scan displays, Raster scan displays, Frame buffer and video controller. RGB color model, direct coding, lookup table; storage tube graphics display, Raster scan display, 3D viewing devices, Plotters, printers, digitizers, Light pens etc.; Active & Passive graphics devices; Computer graphics software. Unit-2.0 9 hrs Points and lines, Line drawing algorithms; DDA algorithm, Bresenham’s line algorithm, Circle generating algorithms, Mid-point circle generating algorithm, and parallel version of these algorithms. Ellipse generating algorithm; scan line polygon, fill algorithm, boundary fill algorithm, flood fill algorithm. Transformations: Basic transformation, Matrix representations and homogenous coordinates, Composite transformations, Reflections and shearing. Unit-3.0 9 hrs Windowing and Clipping: Viewing pipeline, Viewing transformations, 2-D Clipping algorithms- Line clipping algorithms such as Cohen Sutherland line clipping algorithm, Liang Barsky algorithm, Line clipping against non-rectangular clip windows; Polygon clipping – Sutherland Hodgeman polygon clipping, Weiler and Atherton polygon clipping, Curve clipping, Text clipping Unit-4.0 4 hrs Three Dimensional: 3-D Geometric Primitives, 3-D Object representation, 3-D Transformation, 3-D viewing, projections, 3-D Clipping. Unit-5.0 6 hrs Curves and Surfaces: Quadric surfaces, Spheres, Ellipsoid, Blobby objects, introductory concepts of Spline, Bspline and Bezier curves and surfaces. Unit-6.0 6 hrs Hidden Lines and Surfaces: Back Face Detection algorithm, Depth buffer method, A- buffer method, Scan line method, basic illumination models– Ambient light, Diffuse reflection, Specular reflection and Phong model, Combined approach, Warn model, Intensity Attenuation, Color consideration, Transparency and Shadows.